Assess the performance of the diagnosis ways of diabetic retinopathy

Considered the diagnosis of diseases using image processing is one of the most important areas of image processing techniques used in the medical field, where is the digital data in the field of ophthalmology focus of researchers for automatic detection of some important diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). And is defined as damage to the retina of the eye comes as serious complications and on the human body complications resulting from diabetes in the long term and is considered one of the most important causes of blindness in the world and cause serious damage to the retina. The research aims to Assess the performance of some of the methods used in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by revealing one of the most important accompanying pests him in the retina of the eye and is the exudates and through diagnosed in images digital fundus through image processing techniques where this detection process contributes in helping to early detection

Enhancing Smart Cities with IoT and Cloud Computing: A Study on Integrating Wireless Ad Hoc Networks for Efficient Communication

شهدت المدن الذكية تطورا جوهريا زاد من امكانياتها بشكل كبير .في الواقع ، لقد أتاحت التطورات الحديثة في انترنت الاشياء (IOT) فرصا جديدة من خلال حل عدد  من المشاكل الحرجة والتي ادت الى ابتكار المدن الذكية بالاضافة الى انشاء و حوسبة الخدمات و التطبيقات المتطورة للعديد من  المجاميع المطورة في المدينة . من اجل تعزيز تنمية المدن الذكية بأتجاه التواصل و المشاركة ،تركز هذه الدراسة على التطور في مجال المعلوماتية في ضوء انترنت الاشياء (IOT) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) .جمعت بيانات انترنت الاشياء والتي تخص المدن الذكية بشكل متجانس . اصبح انترنت الاشياء الذي يسمح بتواصل الاشخاص مع بعضهم ممكنا باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي .بناءا على ذلك ،استخدمنا (ARF) في حسابات الذكاء الاصطناعي .للتبسيط ،ننصح باستخدام تخصيص اصول الالة الافتراضية للحوسبة السحابية التكيفية (ACC-VMRA ) .لتاكيد جدواها ،سنفحص و نضاعف كيفية تطبيق تطورات انترنت الاشياء (IOT ) و الحوسبة السحابية (CC) في المدن الذكية.تظهر نتائج التجربة ان حساب التحسين الموصى به اكثر انتاجية من الطرق الاخرى المستخدمة حاليا.Smart cities have recently undergone a fundamental evolution that has greatly increased their potentials. In reality, recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have created new opportunities by solving a number of critical issues that are allowing innovations for smart cities as well as the creation and computerization of cutting-edge services and applications for the many city partners. In order to further the development of smart cities toward compelling sharing and connection, this study will explore the information innovation in smart cities in light of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing (CC). IoT data is first collected in the context of smart cities. The data that is gathered is uniform. The Internet of Things, which enables gadgets to connect with one another mostly without human involvement, is made possible by AI. In line with this, The Ad Hoc Routing Function (ARF) AI computation is used for multi-rule simplification, the use of Adaptive Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Asset Allotment Technique (ACC-VMRA) is advised. To confirm its viability, the applied developments of IoT and CC in smart cities is examined and duplicated. The experiment results show that the recommended enhancement calculation is more productive than other currently used methods

The Total Synthesis of Glycolipids from Streptococcus pneumoniae and a Re-evaluation of Their Immunological Activity**

Invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells, Type I iNKTs, are responsible for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce a systemic immune response. They are distinctive in possessing an semi-invariant T-cell receptor that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, a protein closely related to the class I major histocompatibility complex, conserved across multiple mammalian species in a class of proteins well-renowned for their high degree of polymorphism. This receptor\u27s first potent identified antigen is the α-galactosylceramide, KRN7000, a synthetic glycosphingolipid closely related to those isolated from bacteria that were found on a Japanese marine sponge. A corresponding terrestrial antigen remained unidentified until two specific diacylglycerol-containing glycolipids, reported to activate iNKT cells, were isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae. We report the total synthesis and immunological re-evaluation of these two glycolipids. The compounds are unable to meaningfully activate iNKT cells. Computational modelling shows that these ligands, while being capable of interacting with the CD1d receptor, create a different surface for the binary complex that makes formation of the ternary complex with the iNKT T-cell receptor difficult. Together these results suggest that the reported activity might have been due to an impurity in the original isolated sample and highlights the importance of taking care when reporting biological activity from isolated natural products

Enhancing the Quality of "Produced Water" by Activated Carbon

The main objective is to contribute via this study, in solving an environmental issue and helping Qatar in finding suitable water resources; useful in agriculture. Qatar faces diverse water challenges; the number one that threats here is scarcity as water is not renewable. Due to scarcity of good quality water, reusing of low quality and contaminated water is highly increasing in Qatar. The main source of water in Qatar is desalination stations. Most of the desalinated water is for human usage. Agriculture in Qatar depends mainly on underground water; it is available but always saline and found in insufficient quantities. Due to the increasing demand for water among industries and irrigation, using other alternative water resources such as produced water during oil and gas extraction would be of importance. Generally, produced water is the water that exists in subsurface and is moved to the surface through oil and gas processes. The volume of produced water and pollutants concentration vary depending on the nature and location of the oil products. It represents the major waste stream related to oil and gas processes. Large volume of produced water generated in Qatar has the potential to enhance the water resources. The crucial goal of produced water management is to eliminate dissolved harmful components and use it for beneficial uses that can efficiently improve environmental impact and water shortage. An exclusive characteristic of produced water comparing to other wastewater resources is the large variation and complexity in water chemistry. This would play a vital role in the remediation processes.qscienc

The ITIM-Containing Receptor: Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) Modulates Immune Response and Confers Poor Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Background: The leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) plays a role in immune response homeostasis, extracellular matrix remodelling and it is overexpressed in many high-grade cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the biological and prognostic role of LAIR-1 in invasive breast cancer (BC). Methods: The biological and prognostic effect of LAIR-1 was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels using well-characterised multiple BC cohorts. Related signalling pathways were evaluated using in silico differential gene expression and siRNA knockdown were used for functional analyses. Results: High LAIR-1 expression either in mRNA or protein levels were associated with high tumour grade, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index, hormone receptor negativity, immune cell infiltrates and extracellular matrix remodelling elements. High LAIR-1 protein expression was an independent predictor of shorter BC-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival in the entire BC cohort and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ subtype. Pathway analysis highlights LAIR-1 association with extracellular matrix remodelling-receptor interaction, and cellular proliferation. Depletion of LAIR-1 using siRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation and invasion capability in HER2+ BC cell lines. Conclusion: High expression of LAIR-1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in BC. Association with immune cells and immune checkpoint markers warrant further studies to assess the underlying mechanistic roles

Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Introduction: The evidence about the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and impaired renal function is limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the outcomes of LMCA disease revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] vs. coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) in patients with and without impaired renal function. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2,138 patients recruited from 14 centers between 2015 and 2,019. We compared patients with impaired renal function who had PCI (n= 316) to those who had CABG (n = 121) and compared patients with normal renal function who had PCI (n = 906) to those who had CABG (n = 795). The study outcomes were in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital MACCE was significantly higher in CABG compared to PCI in patients with impaired renal function (odds ratio [OR]: 8.13 [95% CI: 4.19–15.76], p < 0.001) and normal renal function (OR: 2.59 [95% CI: 1.79–3.73]; p < 0.001). There were no differences in follow-up MACCE between CABG and PCI in patients with impaired renal function (HR: 1.14 [95% CI: 0.71–1.81], p = 0.585) and normal renal function (HR: 1.12 [0.90–1.39], p = 0.312). Conclusions: PCI could have an advantage over CABG in revascularization of LMCA disease in patients with impaired renal function regarding in-hospital MACCE. The follow-up MACCE was comparable between PCI and CABG in patients with impaired and normal renal function

Reactivity Modes of an Iron Bis(alkoxide) Complex with Aryl Azides: Catalytic Nitrene Coupling vs Formation of Iron(III) Imido Dimers

The iron bis­(alkoxide) complex Fe­(OR)₂(THF)₂ (R = C^tBu₂Ph), <b>1</b>, was found to have strikingly different reactivity with various aryl azides, ArN₃. Azides with methyl or ethyl groups in the <i>ortho</i> positions of the phenyl ring react catalytically via nitrene coupling to give azoarenes, ArNNAr. Catalyst loading as low as 1 mol % yields clean, quantitative conversion of aryl azides to azoarenes at room temperature in as little as 4 h. A combination of two different aryl azides leads to the catalytic formation of all three possible azoarenes, including the asymmetric one. In contrast, reactions with aryl azides lacking <i>ortho</i> substituents yield stable dimeric iron imido complexes of the form (RO)­(THF)­Fe­(μ-NAr)₂­Fe­(THF)­(OR) (Ar = 4-(trifluoromethyl)­phenyl, <b>5</b>; Ar = phenyl, <b>6</b>; Ar = 3,5-dimethylphenyl, <b>7</b>), which do not undergo catalytic nitrene coupling. The isocyanide adduct Fe­(OR)₂(CNR)₂ (<b>4</b>, R = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) was obtained from the reaction of Fe­(OR)₂(THF)₂ with two equivalents of isocyanide. No C–N bond formation was observed in the reaction of compound <b>4</b> with azides or in the reaction of compounds <b>5</b>–<b>7</b> with isocyanides

Synthesis and Reactions of 3d Metal Complexes with the Bulky Alkoxide Ligand [OC^<i>t</i>Bu₂Ph]

Treatment of NiCl₂(dme) and NiBr₂(dme) (dme = dimethoxyethane) with 2 equiv of LiOR (OR = OC^<i>t</i>Bu₂Ph) forms the distorted trigonal planar complexes [NiLiX­(OR)₂(THF)₂] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) <b>5</b> (X = Cl) and <b>6</b> (X = Br). The reaction of CuX₂ (X = Cl, Br) with 2 equiv of LiOR affords the Cu­(I) product Cu₄(OR)₄ (<b>7</b>). The same product can be obtained using the Cu­(I) starting material CuCl. NMR studies indicated that the reduction of Cu­(II) to Cu­(I) is accompanied by the oxidation of the alkoxide RO^– to form the alkoxy radical RO^•, which subsequently forms <i>tert</i>-butyl phenyl ketone by β-scission. Treatment of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> ([M₂Li₂Cl₂(OR)₄], M = Cr–Co) with thallium hexafluorophosphate allowed the isolation of the distorted tetrahedral complexes of the form M­(OR)₂(THF)₂ for M = Mn (<b>8</b>), Fe (<b>9</b>), and Co (<b>10</b>). Cyclic voltammetry performed on compounds <b>8</b>–<b>10</b> demonstrated irreversible oxidations for all complexes, with the iron complex <b>9</b> being the most reducing. Complex <b>9</b> shows a reactivity toward PhIO and Ph₃SbS to form the corresponding dinuclear iron­(III) complexes Fe₂(O)­(OR)₄(THF)₂ (<b>11</b>) and Fe₂(S)­(OR)₄(THF)₂ (<b>12</b>), respectively. X-ray structural studies were performed, showing that the Fe–O–Fe angle for complex <b>11</b> is 176.4(1)° and that the Fe–S–Fe angle for complex <b>12</b> is 164.83(3)°